Written by: Ariba Tashnim Ashna
Image Source: Cleveland Clinic
Tinea versicolor, also known as pityriasis versicolor, is a prevalent and benign superficial fungal infection of the skin. This condition belongs to Malassezia-related diseases, and it manifests as either hyperpigmented or hypopigmented finely scaly macules. Its clinical features often lead to confusion with various skin conditions, making diagnostic challenges.
Causes and Risk Factors
Tinea versicolor is caused by an overgrowth of Malassezia, a type of yeast that is a part of the normal skin microbiota. The most common species identified in pityriasis versicolor are M. globusa, M.restricta, and M. sympodialis. These fungi grow in lipid-rich environments, explaining their propensity to grow on the skin’s surface. The condition is more common in warm and humid conditions compared to colder climates. People with oily skin, excessive sweating, weak immune system, hormonal changes, and people living in hot and humid weather are the potential victims of tinea versicolor.
Clinical Presentation
The hallmark of Tinea versicolor is the presence of white or light-brown patches with well-defined borders. These mainly occur on the trunk, sparing the face, and rarely cause itching or discomfort. Adolescents and young adults are more prone to pityriasis versicolor, due to increased sebum production by sebaceous glands, creating an environment suitable for Malassezia growth. Patches worsen and become more noticeable in the summer, due to heat and humidity.
Diagnosis
Accurate diagnosis of tinea versicolor may involve using ultraviolet black light and microscopic examination of the scales soaked in potassium hydroxide. Additionally, the condition may be mistaken for pityriasis rosea, tinea corporis, vitiligo, seborrheic dermatitis, or other skin conditions.
Treatment and Management
The primary treatment for tinea versicolor involves the use of antifungal medications, either oral or topical, as prescribed by healthcare providers. While induction therapy often yields positive results, long-term maintenance treatment is commonly required due to high recurrence rate.
Prevention
To prevent pityriasis versicolor, the following things are you can do:
● Avoid excessive sweating by limiting exposure to heat and sunlight. ● Wear sunscreen or avoid long-term sun-exposure.
● Wear loose-fitting, cotton clothing to reduce sweating.
Conclusion
Although benign, tinea versicolor can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life. Understanding its clinical features, risk factors, and appropriate diagnostic and treatment options is essential for effective management. It is also necessary to remember the importance of proper skincare, environmental awareness, and regular follow-ups with healthcare providers to ensure optimal skin health.
Image Source: Health
Reference:
1. Sayed, Carli, et al. "Tinea Versicolor." Medscape, 22 August 2023, emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091575-overview#a1.
2. Chi, Elaine, and Daniel Burke. "Tinea Versicolor." Healthline, 8 March 2019, www.healthline.com/health/tinea-versicolor.
3. Oakley, Amanda. "Pityriasis Versicolor." DermNet, August 2021, dermnetnz.org/topics/pityriasis-versicolor.
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