Written by: Enma Chen
Present-day beauty standards lead toward a desire for a tan; however, a “sun-kissed glow” has a price: an increased risk of skin cancer. Tanning, whether obtained from the sun or artificial sources such as tanning beds, poses significant dangers to our skin health. In this article, we will explore the relationship between tanning and skin cancer, shedding light on the harmful consequences that excessive UV exposure can have on our bodies.
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, whether from the sun or artificial sources, is the primary cause of skin cancer. UV radiation, specifically UVA and UVB rays is a major contributor to skin cancer development. UVA rays penetrate deep into the skin, causing DNA damage and producing free radicals that contribute to skin aging and carcinogenesis. UVB rays primarily affect the outermost layer of the skin, leading to sunburns. Both UVA and UVB rays play a significant role in the formation of skin cancer.
Sunlight is the primary source of UV radiation. When the skin is exposed to the sun, it produces a pigment called melanin, which darkens the skin and offers some protection against UV damage, also known as natural tanning. However, even with increased melanin production, prolonged and intense sun exposure can overwhelm the skin’s defense mechanisms, leading to harmful effects.
Artificial tanning methods such as tanning beds and sunlamps, have gained popularity as a quick route to a tan. However, their use comes with alarming consequences. Tanning beds emit intense UV radiation, often at levels higher than the sun itself. The World Health Organization has classified these devices as Group 1 carcinogens, highlighting their strong association with skin cancer.
Types of Skin Cancer:
1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, often appearing as a pearly or waxy bump on the skin. Although rarely spreading to other parts of the body, it can cause significant damage if left untreated.
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): SCC appears as a red, scaly patch, a sore that fails to heal. It may be more common in people with darker skin in areas that aren’t often exposed to the sun. It has a higher likelihood of spreading compared to BCC.
3. Melanoma: The deadliest form of skin cancer, comes from the pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. It can appear as an irregularly shaped mole or an existing mole that undergoes changes in size, color, or shape.
Prevention and Protection:
The good news is that skin cancer is highly preventable. By taking proactive measures to protect our skin, we can significantly reduce the risk associated with tanning. Here are some key preventable strategies:
1. Limiting Sun Exposure: Avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours when the sun’s rays are the strongest (usually between 10 am - 4 pm).
2. Wear Protective Clothing: Cover exposed areas of the body with clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts, pants, and UV-blocking sunglasses.
3. Use Sunscreen: Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher frequently even on cloudy days.
4. Avoid Tanning Beds: Refrain from using tanning beds or sunlamps, as they emit harmful UV radiation and increase the risk of skin cancer.
5. Spray Tanning: Also known as self-tanning, spray tanning provides a safer alternative to traditional tanning and individuals can achieve a desirable tan without compromising their skin health.
Image Source: Harvard Health
References:
“10 Surprising Facts about Indoor Tanning.” American Academy of Dermatology, https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/surprising-facts-about-indoor-tanning. Accessed 7 May 2023.
“How to Prevent Skin Cancer.” American Academy of Dermatology,
https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/prevent/how. Accessed 9 May 2023.
“Indoor Tanning.” American Academy of Dermatology,
https://www.aad.org/media/stats-indoor-tanning. Accessed 7 May 2023.
“Skin Cancer - Symptoms and Causes - Mayo Clinic.” Mayo Clinic, 6 Dec. 2022, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/skin-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20377605.
“UV Radiation - The Skin Cancer Foundation.” The Skin Cancer Foundation, https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/uv-radiation/. Accessed 7 May 2023.
“UVA Rays and UVB Rays: What’s the Difference?” WebMD, WebMD, 7AD, https://www.webmd.com/melanoma-skin-cancer/difference-between-uva-rays-and-uvb-rays.
Disclaimer: This organization's content is not intended to provide diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice. Content provided on this website is for informational and educational purposes only. Please consult with a physician or other healthcare professional regarding any medical or health related diagnosis or treatment options. Information on this website should not be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.
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