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Skin Cancer: Types, Risk Factors, & Early Detection

Written by: Jasmine Biju


Skin cancer, a prevalent form of cancer, arises from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells. This malignancy manifests in various types, categorized primarily as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. Each type differs in its characteristics, prognosis, and treatment options.


Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common form, typically appears as a translucent, pearly bump or a pinkish patch on the skin. It commonly develops on areas frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face and neck. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) manifests as a red, scaly patch, or a sore that fails to heal. Unlike BCC, SCC can spread to other areas if left untreated. Melanoma, the most aggressive type, emerges from the pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) and often resembles moles but with irregular borders, varying colors, and a larger size.


Image Source: The Skin Cancer Foundation


Several factors contribute to an individual's susceptibility to skin cancer. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds is a significant risk factor. Fair skin, a history of sunburns, a weakened immune system, a family history of skin cancer, and the presence of numerous moles or atypical moles also heighten the risk.


Early detection is pivotal in effectively treating skin cancer and improving outcomes. Regular self-examinations of the skin and moles, seeking changes in size, color, shape, or texture, are crucial. Dermatologists recommend the ABCDE rule for identifying suspicious moles: asymmetry, irregular borders, variation in color, diameter larger than a pencil eraser, and evolving changes in size, shape, or color.


Routine screenings with a dermatologist, especially for individuals at high risk due to family history or excessive sun exposure, aid in early detection. Dermatologists perform thorough skin examinations to detect abnormal growths and may conduct biopsies to confirm a diagnosis. Additionally, public awareness campaigns advocate for sun protection measures, including using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, seeking shade, and avoiding tanning beds.


In conclusion, understanding the types, risk factors, and methods for early detection of skin cancer is vital for preventing its progression and improving survival rates. Regular self-examinations, professional screenings, and adopting sun-protective behaviors play pivotal roles in reducing the incidence and impact of this potentially deadly disease. By raising awareness and promoting proactive measures, individuals can take charge of their skin health and mitigate the risks associated with skin cancer.



References:

“Causes and Risk Factors For Skin Cancer.” Johns Hopkins Medicine, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/causes-and-risk-factors-for-skin-cancer. Accessed 17 November 2024.


“Skin Cancer Risk Factors | Skin Cancer.” CDC, 1 July 2024, https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/risk-factors/index.html. Accessed 17 November 2024.


“Skin Cancer: Symptoms, Types & Treatment.” Cleveland Clinic, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15818-skin-cancer. Accessed 17 November 2024.



Disclaimer: This organization's content is not intended to provide diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice. Content provided on this website is for informational and educational purposes only. Please consult with a physician or other healthcare professional regarding any medical or health-related diagnosis or treatment options. Information on this website should not be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional. 

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