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Skin Cancer Awareness Month: Risk Factors (ENG/ESP)

Note: this is a republication of an old article in honor of Skin Cancer Awareness Month 2024. To learn more about this important month beyond DermaTeens' content, visithttps://www.skincancer.org/get-involved/skin-cancer-awareness-month/.


DermaTeens is committed to health equity, which entails addressing cultural and lingual barriers. In honor of Skin Cancer Awareness Month, we are translating some of our skin cancer prevention resources into Spanish, like our medically-reviewed articles.


ESP.

Escrito por: Ansley Phan


El cáncer de piel es el cáncer más común en los Estados Unidos y millones de personas reciben tratamiento cada año. Hay algunos factores que aumentan el riesgo de cáncer de piel. Éstos son algunos de ellos:

Fuente de Imagen: University of Arizona Skin Cancer Institute


Uso de camas de bronceado

Es bien sabido que la radiación ultravioleta (UV) contribuye al daño del ADN celular, lo que aumenta el riesgo de mitosis incontrolada de células de la piel con diversas mutaciones (cáncer). Las camas de bronceado emiten grandes cantidades de radiación ultravioleta que daña las células, lo que contribuye al riesgo de cáncer de piel. De hecho, las camas solares suelen irradiar más rayos ultravioleta que el propio sol.


Las investigaciones han demostrado que quienes alguna vez se han bronceado en interiores tienen un aumento del 83% en el riesgo de desarrollar carcinoma de células escamosas (un tipo de cáncer de piel). Además, las personas que utilizan por primera vez una cama solar antes de los 35 años aumentan su riesgo de melanoma, la forma más mortal de cáncer de piel, en más del 75%.


Alta frecuencia de quemaduras solares.

El incidente de una quemadura solar con ampollas en un menor de 18 años duplica con creces el riesgo de que una persona desarrolle melanoma. Las quemaduras solares son un signo de daño en la piel como resultado de la radiación ultravioleta; Básicamente, las quemaduras solares son quemaduras por radiación en la piel. Las quemaduras solares son una de las principales causas de cáncer de piel. Aquellos que experimentan quemaduras solares con ampollas sólo una vez cada dos años tienen más del triple de riesgo de sufrir melanoma en comparación con aquellos que no se queman en absoluto.


Cabello rubio o pelirrojo

Aquellos con colores de cabello naturales más claros tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de piel, principalmente debido a la falta de melanina asociada con estos colores de cabello, el compuesto que absorbe y dispersa parte de la radiación ultravioleta antes de que pueda causar daño a la piel.


Las personas pelirrojas tienen un riesgo aún mayor de desarrollar cáncer de piel que las rubias. Esto se debe en parte al hecho de que los pelirrojos portan mutaciones en los genes MC1R.


Ojos azules o verdes

Al igual que tener cabello rubio o pelirrojo, tener ojos azules o verdes es un factor de riesgo de cáncer de piel. Un estudio longitudinal sobre hombres con ojos marrones, verdes y azules encontró que los hombres con ojos verdes, azules o incluso color avellana tenían un mayor riesgo de carcinoma de células escamosas y carcinoma de células basales, las dos formas más comunes de cáncer de piel. Sin embargo, no se encontró ninguna asociación significativa con un mayor riesgo de melanoma.


Sexo

El sexo biológico es otro indicador común de un mayor riesgo de cáncer de piel. En promedio, los hombres tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar carcinoma de células basales y carcinoma de células escamosas. Según la Academia Estadounidense de Dermatología (AAD), “A los 50 años, los hombres también tienen más probabilidades que las mujeres de desarrollar melanoma. Este número aumenta a los 65 años, lo que hace que los hombres tengan el doble de probabilidades que las mujeres de la misma edad de contraer melanoma. A los 80 años, los hombres tienen 3 veces más probabilidades que las mujeres de ese grupo de edad de desarrollar melanoma”. La razón se debe principalmente al hecho de que los hombres suelen pasar más tiempo trabajando al aire libre en comparación con las mujeres y que los hombres no utilizan con tanta frecuencia maquillaje y productos cosméticos que contienen protector solar como los que suelen usar las mujeres.


Es importante comprender algunos de estos factores de riesgo para abordar su propio riesgo de cáncer de piel. Sin embargo, esta lista no resume todos los riesgos. Otros incluyen, entre otros, un riesgo familiar de cáncer de piel, raza y tener ciertos tipos y una cantidad específica de lunares.



Referencias:

The American Academy of Dermatology. “Melanoma strikes men harder.” American Academy of Dermatology, N.D., https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/melanoma/men-50#. Accessed 12 November 2022.


Li, Yueyao, and Wen-Qing Li. “Eye color and the risk of skin cancer.” PubMed, 2022,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34687387/. Accessed 12 November 2022.


Office of the Surgeon General. “Skin Cancer: Quick Facts from the Surgeon General.” HHS.gov, N.D., https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports-and-publications/skin-cancer/fact-sheet/index.html. Accessed 12 November 2022.


Schulman, Joshua M., and David E. Fisher. “Indoor UV tanning and skin cancer: health risks and opportunities.” NCBI, 2009, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2913608/. Accessed 13 November 2022.


Wu, Shaowei, and Eunyoung Cho. “History of Severe Sunburn and Risk of Skin Cancer Among Women and Men in 2 Prospective Cohort Studies.” NCBI, 3 April 2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4851991/. Accessed 13 November 2022.


Wulf, HC. “Eye and hair colour, skin type and constitutive skin pigmentation as risk factors for basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous malignant melanoma. A Danish case-control study.” PubMed, 1999, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10086866/. Accessed 13 November 2022.



ENG.

Written by: Ansley Phan


Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, with millions of people treated every year. There are a few factors that increase the risk of skin cancer. Here are a few of them:


Image Source: University of Arizona Skin Cancer Institute


Tanning bed usage

It is well known that ultraviolet (UV) radiation contributes to the damage of cell DNA, which increases the risk for uncontrolled mitosis of skin cells with various mutations (cancer). Tanning beds emit large amounts of cell-damaging UV radiation, contributing to skin cancer risk. In fact, tanning beds often radiate more UV than the sun itself.


Research has shown that those who have ever indoor tanned have an 83% increase in their risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma (a type of skin cancer). Additionally, people who first use a tanning bed before the age of 35 increase their risk for melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, by over 75%.


High frequency of sunburns

The incident of one blistering sunburn under the age of 18 more than doubles a person’s risk for developing melanoma. Sunburns are a sign of skin damage as a result of UV radiation; essentially, sunburns are radiation burns to the skin. Sunburns are a leading cause of skin cancer. Those who experience blistering sunburns just once every two years more than triple their risk for melanoma compared to those who do not burn at all.


Blonde or red hair

Those with lighter natural hair colors are at an increased risk for developing skin cancer, primarily because of the lack of melanin associated with these hair colors, the compound which absorbs and scatters some UV radiation before it can cause skin damage.


Those with red hair have an even greater risk of developing skin cancer than blondes. This is in part due to the fact that redheads carry mutations of the MC1R genes.


Blue or green eyes

Similar to having blonde or red hair, having blue or green eyes is a skin cancer risk factor. A longitudinal study on men with brown, green, and blue eyes found that men with green, blue, or even hazel eyes had an increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, the two most common forms of skin cancer. However, no significant association was found with an increased risk for melanoma.


Sex

Biological sex is another common indicator of an increased risk for skin cancer. Men on average are more likely to develop basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. According to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), “By age 50, men are also more likely than women to develop melanoma. This number jumps by age 65, making men 2 times as likely as women of the same age to get melanoma. By age 80, men are 3 times more likely than women in that age group to develop melanoma.” The reason why is primarily due to the fact that men typically spend more time working outdoors compared to women and that men do not as commonly use sunscreen-containing makeup and cosmetic products that women often wear.


It’s important to understand some of these risk factors to address your own skin cancer risk. However, this list does not encapsulate every risk. Others include, but are not limited to, a family risk for skin cancer, race, and having certain types and a specific number of moles.



References:

The American Academy of Dermatology. “Melanoma strikes men harder.” American Academy of Dermatology, N.D., https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/melanoma/men-50#. Accessed 12 November 2022.


Li, Yueyao, and Wen-Qing Li. “Eye color and the risk of skin cancer.” PubMed, 2022,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34687387/. Accessed 12 November 2022.


Office of the Surgeon General. “Skin Cancer: Quick Facts from the Surgeon General.” HHS.gov, N.D., https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports-and-publications/skin-cancer/fact-sheet/index.html. Accessed 12 November 2022.


Schulman, Joshua M., and David E. Fisher. “Indoor UV tanning and skin cancer: health risks and opportunities.” NCBI, 2009, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2913608/. Accessed 13 November 2022.


Wu, Shaowei, and Eunyoung Cho. “History of Severe Sunburn and Risk of Skin Cancer Among Women and Men in 2 Prospective Cohort Studies.” NCBI, 3 April 2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4851991/. Accessed 13 November 2022.


Wulf, HC. “Eye and hair colour, skin type and constitutive skin pigmentation as risk factors for basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous malignant melanoma. A Danish case-control study.” PubMed, 1999, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10086866/. Accessed 13 November 2022.


Disclaimer: This organization's content is not intended to provide diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice. Content provided on this website is for informational and educational purposes only. Please consult with a physician or other healthcare professional regarding any medical or health-related diagnosis or treatment options. Information on this website should not be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.


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