Written by: Zobiana Dillsworth
Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune disease that attacks the lower layers of the skin in people 60 years old and older. This condition usually causes inflammation (1), which leads to itchiness, rashes, and/or blisters. These solid blisters often disappear, but they are quickly replaced (2). Studies have been recorded that suggest people with Parkinson’s, dementia, multiple sclerosis, strokes, and/or epilepsy may be susceptible to the condition (3).
Currently, there is no cure for bullous pemphigoid. Anyone who suffers from this disease should see a doctor immediately. Doctors may prescribe corticosteroids, inflammatory antibiotics, and/or immunosuppressants to treat the symptoms (2). To reduce irritation, patients should wear loose clothing and avoid the sun (3).
When bullous pemphigoid blisters are left untreated, they can lead to sepsis or other harmful diseases (2). Sepsis is characterized by a change in mental status, shallow breathing, abnormal sweating, lightheadedness, or shivering. When sepsis is not treated quickly or properly, it can cause damage to internal organs, such as the brain, heart, and kidneys (4). Most of the time, people with sepsis can be treated successfully, but they must reside in the hospital for some time. Sepsis can be treated with antibiotics, IVs, and vasopressors (5).
Bullous pemphigoid is a serious condition that may cause a lot of pain. Patients will feel the need to constantly itch the affected area, which can spread the rash. Additionally, burst blisters can attract infection, which can cause more serious issues within the body. If blisters or rashes occur, it is best to see a doctor and/or dermatologist immediately to receive treatment.
Image Source: Saint Luke's Health System
References:
Mayo Clinic. “Bullous pemphigoid - Symptoms and causes.” Mayo Clinic, 27 September 2022, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bullous-pemphigoid/symptoms-causes/syc-20350414.
American Academy of Dermatology. “Bullous pemphigoid: Overview.” American Academy of Dermatology, 21 September 2021, https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/bullous-pemphigoid-overview.
Cleveland Clinic. “Bullous Pemphigoid: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment.” Cleveland Clinic, 13 May 2022, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15855-bullous-pemphigoid.
Mayo Clinic. “Sepsis - Symptoms & causes.” Mayo Clinic, N.d., https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sepsis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351214.
Mayo Clinic. “Sepsis - Diagnosis & treatment.” Mayo Clinic, N.d., https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sepsis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351219.
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